Journal: Journal of Bacteriology

Article Title: Bacteriocin Protein BacL 1 of Enterococcus faecalis Targets Cell Division Loci and Specifically Recognizes l -Ala 2 -Cross-Bridged Peptidoglycan

doi: 10.1128/JB.02203-14

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Article Snippet: All antibiotics were obtained from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Strain or plasmid Description Source or reference Strains E. faecalis OG1S str , derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis OG1X str , protease-negative derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis OG1RF rif fus , derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis FA2-2 rif fus , derivative of JH2 60 E. faecium BM4105RF rif fus , derivative of BM4105 61 E. hirae 9790 Type strain ATCC 9790 S. aureus F-182 Clinical isolate, resistant to methicillin and oxacillin ATCC 43300 S. pyogenes MGAS315 Clinical isolate, serotype M3 ATCC BAA-595 S. pneumoniae 262 Quality control strain, serotype 19F ATCC 49619 L. monocytogenes EGD Serovar 1/2a ATCC BAA-679 E. coli DH5α endA1 recA1 gyrA96 thi-1 hsdR17 supE44 relA1 Δ( argE-lacZYA ) U169 , host for DNA cloning Bethesda Research Laboratories E. coli BL21 ompT hsdSB (r B − m B − ) gal (λcI 857 ind1 Sam7 nin5 lacUV5-T7gene1 ) dcm (DE3), host for protein expression Novagen Plasmids pAM401 E. coli - E. faecalis shuttle plasmid; cat tet 62 pHT1100 pAM401 derivative containing wild-type Bac41 genes 26 pET22b(+) Expression plasmid for His-tagged protein in E. coli Novagen pET:: bacL 1 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ1 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ1 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ2 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ2 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ1Δ2 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ1Δ2 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ3 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ3 28 pET:: bacA pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacA 28 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Techniques: Plasmid Preparation, Control, Cloning, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Bacteriology

Article Title: Bacteriocin Protein BacL 1 of Enterococcus faecalis Targets Cell Division Loci and Specifically Recognizes l -Ala 2 -Cross-Bridged Peptidoglycan

doi: 10.1128/JB.02203-14

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of cross-bridge structure and phenotypes against Bac41 in various bacterial species

Article Snippet: All antibiotics were obtained from Sigma Co. (St. Louis, MO). table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 1 caption a7 Strain or plasmid Description Source or reference Strains E. faecalis OG1S str , derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis OG1X str , protease-negative derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis OG1RF rif fus , derivative of OG1 35 E. faecalis FA2-2 rif fus , derivative of JH2 60 E. faecium BM4105RF rif fus , derivative of BM4105 61 E. hirae 9790 Type strain ATCC 9790 S. aureus F-182 Clinical isolate, resistant to methicillin and oxacillin ATCC 43300 S. pyogenes MGAS315 Clinical isolate, serotype M3 ATCC BAA-595 S. pneumoniae 262 Quality control strain, serotype 19F ATCC 49619 L. monocytogenes EGD Serovar 1/2a ATCC BAA-679 E. coli DH5α endA1 recA1 gyrA96 thi-1 hsdR17 supE44 relA1 Δ( argE-lacZYA ) U169 , host for DNA cloning Bethesda Research Laboratories E. coli BL21 ompT hsdSB (r B − m B − ) gal (λcI 857 ind1 Sam7 nin5 lacUV5-T7gene1 ) dcm (DE3), host for protein expression Novagen Plasmids pAM401 E. coli - E. faecalis shuttle plasmid; cat tet 62 pHT1100 pAM401 derivative containing wild-type Bac41 genes 26 pET22b(+) Expression plasmid for His-tagged protein in E. coli Novagen pET:: bacL 1 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ1 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ1 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ2 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ2 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ1Δ2 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ1Δ2 28 pET:: bacL 1 Δ3 pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacL 1 Δ3 28 pET:: bacA pET22b(+) derivative expressing BacA 28 Open in a separate window Bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro susceptibilities of the strains tested to gatifloxacin, penicillin, methicillin, and ciprofloxacin

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques: In Vitro

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo PAEs of gatifloxacin after administration of single doses of 8 and 32 mg/kg against S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 (A) and S. aureus ATCC 6538p (B). Each symbol represents the mean ± standard deviation for two mice. The widths of the bars represent the duration of time that levels in serum exceeded the MIC for the infecting pathogen.

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques: In Vivo, Standard Deviation

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationships of the gatifloxacin 24-h AUC/MIC (A), peak level/MIC (B), and T>MIC (C) for S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 with the log10 numbers of CFU per thigh after 24 h of therapy. Each symbol represents the mean for two thighs per mouse. The horizontal dashed lines represent the organism burden at the start of therapy.

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between gatifloxacin dosing interval and bacteriostatic efficacy

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques:

Journal:

Article Title: Pharmacodynamics of the New Fluoroquinolone Gatifloxacin in Murine Thigh and Lung Infection Models

doi: 10.1128/AAC.46.6.1665-1670.2002

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between gatifloxacin MIC and AUC/MIC necessary to achieve a static effect and 1 log 10 and 2 log 10 killing

Article Snippet: The magnitudes of the parameter needed to achieve a static effect were 1.3- to 2.2-fold lower in the nonneutropenic infection model. table ft1 table-wrap mode="anchored" t5 TABLE 3. caption a7 Organism MIC (μg/ml) 24-h AUC/MIC ratio required for: Static effect 1 log 10 kill 2 log 10 killing S. pneumoniae CDC 145 0.25 37.0 45.8 56.1 S. pneumoniae CDC 146 0.25 54.8 66.7 81.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 673 0.25 53.6 64.4 78.4 S. pneumoniae CDC 1020 0.50 57.6 81.1 114 S. pneumoniae ATCC 10813 0.25 72.4 107.7 160.0 S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 0.25 40.0 45.2 50.9 S. pneumoniae CDC 1396 0.50 18.4 24.9 33.8 S. pneumoniae MNO-418 8.0 23.1 33.4 45.3 S. pneumoniae T6-2668 2.0 51.3 80.5 128 Mean ± SD 52.0 ± 20.3 61.1 ± 26.4 83.1 ± 42.6 S. aureus ATCC 25923 0.12 27.2 47.8 76.5 S. aureus ATCC 33591 0.12 45.6 74.2 113 S. aureus ATCC 29213 0.12 29.7 54.5 90.9 S. aureus ATCC 6538p 0.06 43.2 131 507 Mean ± SD 36.4 ± 9.3 76.9 ± 37.8 197 ± 207 E. coli ATCC 25922 0.015 54.1 86.5 133 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 69.7 129 235 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (thigh model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 32.2 62.2 165 a K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, neutropenic mice) 0.06 55.9 96.1 153 K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (lung model, nonneutropenic mice) 0.06 43.2 63.2 91 a E. cloacae L2249 0.12 16.4 32.8 64.8 E. cloacae L4567 0.12 27.3 57.4 132 P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 2.0 23.6 31.2 41.0 Mean ± SD 41.2 ± 21.5 72.2 ± 38.6 126 ± 68.8 Open in a separate window a Datum not included in calculation of the mean.

Techniques: